Finance

A 401(k) is a United States employer-sponsored retirement savings plan, a core personal-finance and retirement-planning product studied within finance practice.

The Alibaba September 2014 initial public offering, then the largest in history at 25 billion dollars, is a finance-practice case study in cross-border listing structure and IPO valuation.

Amazon's initial public offering on May 15, 1997, priced at 18 dollars per share on the Nasdaq, financed the company's early growth as an online retailer.

The Amazon 2017 all-cash acquisition of Whole Foods Market is a finance-practice case study in cash-financed acquisition and rapid deal valuation.

The Anheuser-Busch InBev 2016 acquisition of SABMiller, financed by one of the largest corporate debt issuances in history, is a finance-practice case study in mega-deal debt financing.

The 2000 merger of AOL and Time Warner, announced as broadband technology expanded across the United States, is widely regarded in finance as one of the worst corporate mergers in history once the combined company's value collapsed.

Apple's December 1980 initial public offering raised more than 100 million dollars, at the time the largest IPO since Ford Motor Company's 1956 offering.

The AT&T 2018 acquisition of Time Warner, financed largely through debt, is a finance-practice case study in vertical-merger financing and leverage.

The balanced scorecard's own defining feature is presenting financial measures alongside non-financial ones in one report, extending rather than replacing the purely financial performance measures finance practice traditionally relied on.

One of the largest commercial banks in the United States, a major participant in consumer banking, lending and investment finance.

Banking is a core institutional setting in which finance is practiced, from commercial lending to capital markets.

Lehman's 2008 collapse, driven by excessive leverage and a failed capital structure, is finance practice's leading case study in capital structure risk and helped precipitate the global financial crisis.

The Bayer 2018 acquisition of Monsanto, financed with a large debt-funded cash offer, is a finance-practice case study in cross-border acquisition financing and post-merger liability risk.

Bear Stearns' near collapse in March 2008, resolved by a Federal Reserve backed sale to JPMorgan Chase, was the first major investment bank casualty of the 2008 financial crisis.

Benjamin Graham is widely regarded as the father of value investing, establishing it as a finance practice discipline through Security Analysis (1934) and The Intelligent Investor (1949).

Warren Buffett's investment holding company, widely studied in finance for its value-investing approach to capital allocation.

Madoff ran the largest known Ponzi scheme in history through his own asset management business, making his case a standard reference in finance practice on investment fraud and the failure of due diligence.

Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme, uncovered in 2008, defrauded investors of tens of billions of dollars and remains the largest investment fraud ever committed by an individual.

The world's largest asset manager, central to institutional and retail investment-management practice within finance.

The Blockbuster 2010 bankruptcy filing, unable to service its debt once streaming displaced video rental, is a finance-practice case study in capital structure under disruptive competition.

Cash App is a peer-to-peer payment and personal-finance app, part of the fintech expansion of consumer finance practice.

Chase Sapphire Reserve is a premium consumer credit card, a finance-practice product in consumer credit and rewards banking.

The Chrysler 2009 Chapter 11 filing, resolved through a government-backed sale of its core assets to a new entity, is a finance-practice case study in expedited bankruptcy sales.

The Circuit City 2008 bankruptcy filing and 2009 liquidation is a finance-practice case study in retail insolvency and asset liquidation.

A major global banking and financial services company operating across consumer banking, investment banking and wealth management.

Coinbase is a cryptocurrency exchange, a finance-practice venue for digital-asset trading and custody.

The 1998 Daimler-Benz and Chrysler merger, structured and later unwound as a case study in cross-border valuation and cultural integration failure, is a standard finance-practice example of merger due diligence.

The debt-collection industry recovers unpaid consumer and commercial debt, a specialized function within the credit and lending cycle that finance practice governs.

Deutsche Bank paid a record 2.5 billion dollar fine in 2015 for its role in manipulating the Libor benchmark interest rate, one of the largest penalties in the wider Libor manipulation scandal.

Discover Card is a payment-card network and card issuer operating in consumer credit and finance practice.

The Disney 2006 all-stock acquisition of Pixar is a finance-practice case study in stock-for-stock deal valuation and founder equity conversion.

The Eastman Kodak 2012 Chapter 11 filing, after digital photography displaced its film business, is a finance-practice case study in capital structure collapse and asset liquidation.

Exxon and Mobil's 1999 merger, closing on November 30, 1999 to form ExxonMobil, remains one of the largest corporate mergers in history.

The Facebook May 2012 initial public offering, hampered by Nasdaq technical failures and a swiftly revised valuation, is a finance-practice case study in high-profile IPO execution risk.

The Facebook 2014 acquisition of WhatsApp, structured as a mix of cash and stock reaching roughly 19 billion dollars, is a finance-practice case study in high-multiple technology acquisition valuation.

Financial services are, by the industry's own definition, economic services tied to finance and delivered by financial institutions; finance practice is the discipline the whole industry is organized around.

Ford's 1956 initial public offering, one of the largest of its era, is a standard finance-practice case study in capital structure and dual-class share design.