Finance

The Mittal Steel 2006 acquisition of Arcelor, forming ArcelorMittal after a contested hostile bid, is a finance-practice case study in cross-border hostile-takeover financing.

The 1901 financing and assembly of United States Steel from Carnegie Steel and other producers by J.P. Morgan, forming the first billion-dollar corporation, is a foundational finance-practice case study in large-scale merger financing.

FTX's collapse in November 2022, following revelations that customer funds had been misused, became one of the largest financial frauds in cryptocurrency history and led to its founder's criminal conviction.

The General Motors 2009 Chapter 11 filing, the largest industrial bankruptcy in United States history at the time, is a finance-practice case study in government-backed restructuring and debtor-in-possession financing.

Google went public on August 19, 2004 through an unconventional Dutch auction initial public offering.

Insurance is a major finance-practice domain concerned with risk pricing, underwriting and capital reserves.

Investment banking is a core specialization within finance practice, covering underwriting, mergers advisory and capital raising.

Morgan dominated corporate and investment finance during the Gilded Age.

One of the largest investment banks and financial services firms in the world, central to modern finance practice in banking, asset management and capital markets.

Klarna is a buy-now-pay-later fintech service, a consumer-credit innovation studied within finance practice.

The 2015 merger of Kraft Foods Group and H.J. Heinz, engineered with private equity financing, is a finance-practice case study in leveraged consumer-goods merger structuring.

Mastercard is a global payment-card network central to consumer and commercial finance practice in electronic payments.

The Microsoft 2016 all-cash acquisition of LinkedIn for roughly 26 billion dollars is a finance-practice case study in large-scale cash-financed technology acquisition.

A leading global investment bank and wealth management firm central to capital-markets and financial-advisory practice.

The Netscape August 1995 initial public offering, whose first-day share price surge is widely credited with igniting the dot-com era, is a finance-practice case study in speculative IPO pricing.

The Procter and Gamble 2005 stock-for-stock acquisition of Gillette, then one of the largest consumer-goods mergers in history, is a finance-practice case study in all-stock deal structuring.

A Roth IRA is an individual retirement account funded with after-tax contributions, a standard personal-finance and retirement-planning vehicle within finance practice.

Bankman-Fried founded and ran the FTX cryptocurrency exchange before its collapse amid allegations of misappropriated customer funds, making his case a standard reference in finance practice on custody of client assets.

The Saudi Aramco December 2019 initial public offering, the largest in history at over 25 billion dollars raised, is a finance-practice case study in state-owned enterprise privatization and valuation.

The Sears Holdings 2018 bankruptcy filing, after years of declining sales and debt taken on in its 2005 merger with Kmart, is a finance-practice case study in retail debt restructuring.

Silicon Valley Bank's failure in March 2023, the second largest bank failure in United States history at the time, triggered emergency federal action to guarantee depositors and renewed scrutiny of bank interest rate risk management.

SPDR Gold Shares is an exchange-traded fund holding physical gold, a standard commodity-investment vehicle studied within finance practice.

The SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust is one of the largest and oldest exchange-traded index funds, a foundational passive-investing vehicle within finance practice.

The Tata Motors 2008 acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover from Ford, financed through a mix of debt and equity during a global credit crunch, is a finance-practice case study in cross-border acquisition financing.

The Toys R Us 2017 bankruptcy, driven by debt from its 2005 leveraged buyout, is a finance-practice case study in private equity debt load and retail insolvency.

The Twitter November 2013 initial public offering, priced at 26 dollars a share and nearly doubling on its first day of trading, is a finance-practice case study in IPO pricing and first-day pop.

The Uber May 2019 initial public offering, one of the largest technology IPOs in history despite trading below its offer price on debut, is a finance-practice case study in pre-IPO private valuation against public market pricing.

A pioneer of low-cost index investing, central to modern personal and institutional finance practice in asset management.

Venmo is a peer-to-peer payment app widely used for consumer money transfers, part of the fintech expansion of finance practice.

Visa is a global payment-card network central to consumer and commercial finance practice in electronic payments.

The Visa March 2008 initial public offering, the largest IPO in United States history at the time, is a finance-practice case study in payment-network valuation and capital raising.

The Vodafone 2000 hostile takeover of Mannesmann, the largest corporate acquisition in history at the time, is a finance-practice case study in hostile-bid financing and valuation.

Buffett's value-investing career, built on capital-allocation theory, is finance practice's most cited real-world case in long-horizon investment decisions.