Practice Discipline

Finance

Also Known As Business Finance

The practice discipline concerned with the management, movement and raising of money, encompassing capital budgeting, dividend policy and capital structure decisions that managers make to build firm value for shareholders. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Facts
Discipline Scope
Based on the scope of financial activities, the discipline can be divided into the three primary branches personal, corporate, and public finance. 1
Discipline Scope
The first stock exchange was opened in Antwerp in 1531. 1
Credential
Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) 2
Professional Body
CFA Institute 3
Disputed
Discipline Scope
Capital budgeting, dividend policy and capital structure, overlapping with investment banking and securities trading where firms raise capital through bonds and equity. 1
Where finance ends and adjacent practices begin is contested: capital budgeting and capital structure are core, but investment banking and securities trading are sometimes treated as finance's own territory and sometimes as separate practices finance merely overlaps.
Finance
Filter Results1 entry

Agency Theory

Finance
FAQs

What are the three main branches of finance?

Personal finance, corporate finance and public finance.

Finance is usually divided into personal finance (budgeting, insurance, education, retirement planning), corporate finance (capital structure, dividend policy, capital budgeting decisions) and public finance (government spending, revenue sources and sovereign debt).
Connections

Associated With

SPDR Gold Shares, Products and Services

SPDR Gold Shares is an exchange-traded fund holding physical gold, a standard commodity-investment vehicle studied within finance practice.

SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust, Products and Services

The SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust is one of the largest and oldest exchange-traded index funds, a foundational passive-investing vehicle within finance practice.

State Street Corporation, Companies and Brands
Stock Exchange Industry, Industries
Tata Motors-Jaguar Land Rover Acquisition, Corporate Events

The Tata Motors 2008 acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover from Ford, financed through a mix of debt and equity during a global credit crunch, is a finance-practice case study in cross-border acquisition financing.

Source Wikipedia, Tata Motors Acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover
The Charles Schwab Corporation, Companies and Brands
Toys R Us Bankruptcy, Corporate Events

The Toys R Us 2017 bankruptcy, driven by debt from its 2005 leveraged buyout, is a finance-practice case study in private equity debt load and retail insolvency.

Source Wikipedia, Toys R Us Bankruptcy
Twitter Initial Public Offering, Corporate Events

The Twitter November 2013 initial public offering, priced at 26 dollars a share and nearly doubling on its first day of trading, is a finance-practice case study in IPO pricing and first-day pop.

Source Wikipedia, Twitter, Inc.
Uber Initial Public Offering, Corporate Events

The Uber May 2019 initial public offering, one of the largest technology IPOs in history despite trading below its offer price on debut, is a finance-practice case study in pre-IPO private valuation against public market pricing.

Source Wikipedia, Uber
Value investing, Management Theories
Source Value investing (Wikipedia)
Vanguard Group, Inc., Companies and Brands

A pioneer of low-cost index investing, central to modern personal and institutional finance practice in asset management.

Venmo, Products and Services

Venmo is a peer-to-peer payment app widely used for consumer money transfers, part of the fintech expansion of finance practice.

Visa, Products and Services

Visa is a global payment-card network central to consumer and commercial finance practice in electronic payments.

Visa Inc., Companies and Brands
Visa Initial Public Offering, Corporate Events

The Visa March 2008 initial public offering, the largest IPO in United States history at the time, is a finance-practice case study in payment-network valuation and capital raising.

Source Wikipedia, Visa Inc.
Vodafone-Mannesmann Takeover, Corporate Events

The Vodafone 2000 hostile takeover of Mannesmann, the largest corporate acquisition in history at the time, is a finance-practice case study in hostile-bid financing and valuation.

Source Wikipedia, Vodafone Takeover of Mannesmann
Warren Buffett, Founders, Executives and Management Thinkers

Buffett's value-investing career, built on capital-allocation theory, is finance practice's most cited real-world case in long-horizon investment decisions.

Source Wikipedia, Warren Buffett
Washington Mutual Bank Failure, Corporate Events

Washington Mutual's seizure by federal regulators in September 2008 remains the largest bank failure in United States history, a defining event of the 2008 financial crisis.

Source Wikipedia, Washington Mutual
Wells Fargo & Company, Companies and Brands
Wells Fargo Fake Accounts Scandal, Corporate Events

The 2016 revelation that Wells Fargo employees opened millions of unauthorized accounts to meet sales targets exposed failures in financial-services internal controls and incentive design.

Source Wikipedia, Wells Fargo Cross-Selling Scandal
William Boyce Thompson, Founders, Executives and Management Thinkers
Source William Boyce Thompson (Wikipedia)
Yasuda Zenjirō, Founders, Executives and Management Thinkers
Source Yasuda Zenjirō (Wikipedia)
Zelle, Products and Services

Zelle is a bank-backed peer-to-peer payment network, part of the fintech expansion of consumer finance practice.

Showing 101 to 123 of 123 in Associated With, page 3 of 3.

Topic Addressed By

Agency Theory, Management Theories
Corporate Governance, Management Theories
Theory of the Firm, Management Theories
Value investing, Management Theories
Source Value investing (Wikipedia)
Sources
1. Wikipedia, Finance
Wikipedia
  • lead section, opening definition
    Finance refers to the management, movement, and raising of money, with the related concepts of business finance, investments, and financial markets and institutions.
  • lead section, branches
    Based on the scope of financial activities, the discipline can be divided into the three primary branches personal, corporate, and public finance.
  • History of finance section
    The first stock exchange was opened in Antwerp in 1531.
View the Source
2. CFA Institute, CFA Program
CFA Program overview
Quote, CFA Program overview
Begin the journey to becoming a globally recognized Chartered Financial Analyst® (CFA®).
View the Source
3. CFA Institute, About
About CFA Institute section
Quote, About CFA Institute section
CFA Institute offers finance education for investment professionals globally.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Efficient-Market Hypothesis
Wikipedia
  • Theoretical background section
    If the price of the stock does not already reflect that information, then investors can trade on it, thereby moving the price until the information is no longer useful for trading.
  • Behavioral psychology section
    Behavioral economists attribute the imperfections in financial markets to a combination of cognitive biases such as overconfidence, overreaction, representative bias.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers
WikipediaAssociated With: Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, Lead section
These discussions failed, and Lehman filed a Chapter 11 petition that remains the largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history, involving more than US$600 billion in assets.
View the Source
Wikipedia, J.P. Morgan
WikipediaAssociated With: J.P. Morgan, lead section
Quote, Associated With: J.P. Morgan, lead section
he was the driving force behind a wave of industrial consolidations in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Warren Buffett
WikipediaAssociated With: Warren Buffett, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Warren Buffett, Lead section
Warren Edward Buffett ( BUFF-it; born August 30, 1930) is an American investor and philanthropist who is the chairman emeritus and former CEO of the conglomerate Berkshire Hathaway.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Ford Motor Company
WikipediaAssociated With: Ford Motor Company IPO, introduction
Quote, Associated With: Ford Motor Company IPO, introduction
The company went public in 1956 but the Ford family, through special Class B shares, retain 40 percent of the voting rights.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Financial Services
WikipediaAssociated With: Financial Services Industry, lead section, opening definition
Quote, Associated With: Financial Services Industry, lead section, opening definition
Financial services are economic services tied to finance provided by financial institutions.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Balanced Scorecard
WikipediaAssociated With: Balanced Scorecard, Characteristics section
Quote, Associated With: Balanced Scorecard, Characteristics section
The characteristic feature of the balanced scorecard and its derivatives is the presentation of a mixture of financial and non-financial measures each compared to a 'target' value within a single concise report.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Bear Stearns
WikipediaAssociated With: Bear Stearns CollapseView the Source
Wikipedia, Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank
WikipediaAssociated With: Silicon Valley Bank CollapseView the Source
Wikipedia, Washington Mutual
WikipediaAssociated With: Washington Mutual Bank FailureView the Source
Wikipedia, Bankruptcy of FTX
WikipediaAssociated With: FTX CollapseView the Source
Wikipedia, Libor Scandal
WikipediaAssociated With: Deutsche Bank Libor Manipulation ScandalView the Source
Wikipedia, Madoff Investment Scandal
WikipediaAssociated With: Bernie Madoff Ponzi SchemeView the Source
Wikipedia, Apple Inc.
WikipediaAssociated With: Apple Inc. Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, History of Amazon
WikipediaAssociated With: Amazon Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, Google
WikipediaAssociated With: Google Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, AOL Time Warner
WikipediaAssociated With: AOL Time Warner MergerView the Source
Wikipedia, ExxonMobil
WikipediaAssociated With: Exxon-Mobil MergerView the Source
Wikipedia, General Motors Chapter 11 Reorganization
WikipediaAssociated With: General Motors Chapter 11 BankruptcyView the Source
Wikipedia, Eastman Kodak Bankruptcy
WikipediaAssociated With: Eastman Kodak BankruptcyView the Source
Wikipedia, Sears Holdings
WikipediaAssociated With: Sears Holdings BankruptcyView the Source
Wikipedia, Blockbuster LLC
WikipediaAssociated With: Blockbuster BankruptcyView the Source
Wikipedia, Chrysler
WikipediaAssociated With: Chrysler BankruptcyView the Source
Wikipedia, Circuit City
WikipediaAssociated With: Circuit City BankruptcyView the Source
Wikipedia, Toys R Us Bankruptcy
WikipediaAssociated With: Toys R Us BankruptcyView the Source
Wikipedia, Alibaba Group IPO
WikipediaAssociated With: Alibaba Group Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, Facebook Initial Public Offering
WikipediaAssociated With: Facebook Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, Saudi Aramco IPO
WikipediaAssociated With: Saudi Aramco Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, Twitter, Inc.
WikipediaAssociated With: Twitter Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, Uber
WikipediaAssociated With: Uber Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, Visa Inc.
WikipediaAssociated With: Visa Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, Netscape
WikipediaAssociated With: Netscape Initial Public OfferingView the Source
Wikipedia, DaimlerChrysler
WikipediaAssociated With: DaimlerChrysler MergerView the Source
Wikipedia, AT&T Inc. Acquisition of Time Warner
WikipediaAssociated With: AT&T-Time Warner Merger, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: AT&T-Time Warner Merger, Lead section
AT&T first announced its cash-and-stock acquisition of Time Warner on October 22, 2016.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Bayer Acquisition of Monsanto
WikipediaAssociated With: Bayer-Monsanto AcquisitionView the Source
Wikipedia, Procter & Gamble Acquisition of Gillette
WikipediaAssociated With: Procter & Gamble-Gillette MergerView the Source
Wikipedia, Tata Motors Acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover
WikipediaAssociated With: Tata Motors-Jaguar Land Rover AcquisitionView the Source
Wikipedia, Vodafone Takeover of Mannesmann
WikipediaAssociated With: Vodafone-Mannesmann TakeoverView the Source
Wikipedia, ArcelorMittal
WikipediaAssociated With: Formation of ArcelorMittalView the Source
Wikipedia, United States Steel
WikipediaAssociated With: Formation of U.S. SteelView the Source
Wikipedia, Kraft Heinz
WikipediaAssociated With: Kraft Heinz MergerView the Source
Wikipedia, AB InBev Acquisition of SABMiller
WikipediaAssociated With: Anheuser-Busch InBev-SABMiller MergerView the Source
Wikipedia, Pixar
WikipediaAssociated With: Disney-Pixar AcquisitionView the Source
Wikipedia, Whole Foods Market
WikipediaAssociated With: Amazon-Whole Foods AcquisitionView the Source
Wikipedia, WhatsApp
WikipediaAssociated With: Facebook-WhatsApp AcquisitionView the Source
Wikipedia, LinkedIn
WikipediaAssociated With: Microsoft-LinkedIn AcquisitionView the Source
Wikipedia, Insurance
WikipediaAssociated With: Insurance IndustryView the Source
Wikipedia, Wells Fargo Cross-Selling Scandal
WikipediaAssociated With: Wells Fargo Fake Accounts ScandalView the Source
Bernie Madoff - Wikipedia
Associated With: Bernie Madoff, lead section
Quote, Associated With: Bernie Madoff, lead section
was an American financier, con artist, and stock broker who was the admitted mastermind of the largest-known Ponzi scheme in history, worth an estimated $65 billion.
View the Source
Sam Bankman-Fried - Wikipedia
Associated With: Sam Bankman-Fried, lead section
Quote, Associated With: Sam Bankman-Fried, lead section
is an American entrepreneur convicted of fraud. Bankman-Fried founded the FTX cryptocurrency exchange and was celebrated as a "poster boy" for crypto, with FTX having a global reach with more than 130 international affiliates.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Benjamin Graham
Associated With: Benjamin Graham, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: Benjamin Graham, Lead section
financial analyst, economist, accountant, investor and professor
View the Source
David Rockefeller (Wikipedia)
Associated With: David Rockefeller, Lead
Quote, Associated With: David Rockefeller, Lead
was an American economist and investment banker
View the Source
George Soros (Wikipedia)
Associated With: George Soros, Lead section, first sentence
Quote, Associated With: George Soros, Lead section, first sentence
is a Hungarian and American investor and philanthropist
View the Source
Muhammad Yunus (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Muhammad Yunus, Lead [associated-with]
Quote, Associated With: Muhammad Yunus, Lead [associated-with]
Yunus pioneered the modern concept of microcredit and microfinance
View the Source
Ernest Oppenheimer (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Ernest Oppenheimer, Lead paragraph [associated-with]
Quote, Associated With: Ernest Oppenheimer, Lead paragraph [associated-with]
entrepreneur, financier and philanthropist
View the Source
Safra Catz (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Safra Catz, Introduction [associated-with]
Quote, Associated With: Safra Catz, Introduction [associated-with]
named co-president and chief financial officer (CFO)
View the Source
Henry Clay Frick (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Henry Clay Frick, Introduction [associated-with 2]
Quote, Associated With: Henry Clay Frick, Introduction [associated-with 2]
American industrialist, financier, and art patron
View the Source
Yasuda Zenjirō (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Yasuda Zenjirō, Career
Quote, Associated With: Yasuda Zenjirō, Career
Yasuda was among the best financiers that Japan had
View the Source
Peter Thiel (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Peter Thiel, Lead
Quote, Associated With: Peter Thiel, Lead
is a German-American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, and conservative political activist
View the Source
Rinat Akhmetov (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Rinat Akhmetov, Lead [associated-with]
Quote, Associated With: Rinat Akhmetov, Lead [associated-with]
founder and president of international investment group System Capital Management (SCM)
View the Source
Ashley Almanza (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Ashley Almanza, Career [associated-with 2]
Quote, Associated With: Ashley Almanza, Career [associated-with 2]
including Group Finance Director of BG Group from August 2002
View the Source
Jakob Fugger (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Jakob Fugger, Introduction
Quote, Associated With: Jakob Fugger, Introduction
a major German merchant, mining entrepreneur, and banker
View the Source
William Boyce Thompson (Wikipedia)
Associated With: William Boyce Thompson, Lead section
Quote, Associated With: William Boyce Thompson, Lead section
American mining engineer, financier
View the Source
Paul Achleitner (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Paul Achleitner, Early career, Allianz
Quote, Associated With: Paul Achleitner, Early career, Allianz
In 2000, Achleitner joined Allianz AG as chief financial officer, where he was primarily responsible for finance and investments
View the Source
Henry Villard (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Henry Villard, Lead, first sentence
Quote, Associated With: Henry Villard, Lead, first sentence
was a German-American journalist and financier
View the Source
Mortimer Zuckerman (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Mortimer Zuckerman, Lead section [associated-with 3]
Quote, Associated With: Mortimer Zuckerman, Lead section [associated-with 3]
billionaire media proprietor, magazine editor, and investor
View the Source
Charles R. Schwab (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Charles R. Schwab, Lead [associated-with 2]
Quote, Associated With: Charles R. Schwab, Lead [associated-with 2]
is an American investor and financial executive
View the Source
Announcement of Changes of Representative Director and Officers (Casio)
Associated With: Shin Takano, PDF page 1, career of the new President and CEO, finance division
Quote, Associated With: Shin Takano, PDF page 1, career of the new President and CEO, finance division
Dec. 2009 Executive Officer, Senior General Manager of Finance Division
View the Source
Value investing (Wikipedia)
  • Topic Addressed By: Value investing, Lead
    buying securities that appear underpriced by some form of fundamental analysis
  • Associated With: Value investing, Lead, fundamental analysis
    buying securities that appear underpriced by some form of fundamental analysis
View the Source
Jamie Dimon (Wikipedia)
Associated With: Jamie Dimon, Lead, practice discipline
Quote, Associated With: Jamie Dimon, Lead, practice discipline
is an American banker and manager
View the Source
Dissenting Readings (2 dissenting readings)
Discipline Scope

Financial markets are not fully informationally efficient. Systematic cognitive biases such as overconfidence, overreaction and representativeness bias cause persistent mispricing that the efficient-market hypothesis cannot explain.

A dissenting reading, from Behavioral economists (Kahneman, Tversky, Thaler)Wikipedia, Efficient-Market Hypothesis, Wikipedia
Discipline Scope

Where finance ends and adjacent practices begin is not settled among scholars. Capital budgeting, dividend policy and capital structure are treated as core by every account, but investment banking and securities trading are sometimes described as finance's own territory and sometimes as related but distinct practices finance merely intersects, with no single boundary drawn as authoritative.

A dissenting reading, from an independent laneWikipedia, Finance, Wikipedia

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