Corporate Fraud and Financial Scandals

Named events in which a company or its executives engaged in accounting manipulation, bribery, market manipulation, a Ponzi scheme, or other deliberate deception of investors, regulators or customers, including falsified financial statements, rigged benchmarks, undisclosed bribery and fabricated test results. Belongs here: any event whose defining act is intentional deception rather than an ordinary business failure or a product safety lapse. Does not belong here: a bankruptcy or collapse with no central element of deception, grouped under Bankruptcies and Collapses, and a product recall or safety incident with no element of deliberate concealment, grouped under Product Safety and Operational Crises.