Transformational leadership is a leadership theory, developed initially by James MacGregor Burns and later extended by Bernard Bass, that describes leaders who motivate and inspire followers to exceed their own individual self-interest for the good of the organization by appealing to higher ideals, values, and a shared vision. Bass identified core components of transformational leadership, including idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration, and contrasted the style with transactional leadership, which relies on structured exchanges of rewards for performance. The theory has become one of the most widely researched and applied leadership frameworks in management, particularly in the study of organizational change and employee engagement.
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