Path-goal theory is a leadership theory, developed by Robert House and first presented in 1971, that holds a leader's central function is to clarify the path by which followers can achieve their work goals and personal rewards, removing obstacles and providing the support, direction, or structure the situation requires. The theory identifies distinct leadership behaviors, including directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented styles, and argues that which behavior is most effective depends on characteristics of the followers and of the task environment. Path-goal theory extended earlier contingency approaches to leadership by focusing specifically on how leader behavior affects follower motivation and satisfaction.
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