ING Groep N.V.

ING Groep N.V. is a Dutch multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Amsterdam. It was formed in 1991 through the merger of the insurer Nationale-Nederlanden and the banking group NMB Postbank Group, combining insurance and banking businesses under one holding company. ING later refocused on banking, divesting most of its insurance and investment management operations following the 2008 financial crisis and European Commission restructuring requirements tied to Dutch state aid it received. The group operates retail and wholesale banking services across dozens of countries, with its ING Direct-branded online retail banking model expanding the company internationally from the late 1990s onward.