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Chemins de fer Orientaux
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Chemins de fer Orientaux was an Ottoman railway company chartered in 1870 to build and operate lines across the Balkans and European Turkey, headquartered successively in Paris, then Vienna from 1878, and then Istanbul from 1912. It built the main trunk line connecting Istanbul to Vienna, completed in 1888, and from 1889 to 1937 its network carried the famous Orient Express. The company continued operating as a regional railway until 1937, when the Turkish State Railways absorbed it and its remaining network was divided among successor national operators including the Turkish State Railways, the Serbian Railways, the Bulgarian State Railways and the Hellenic State Railways.
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