Victor Vroom's 1964 theory that motivation is a product of expectancy, instrumentality and valence: a person's belief that effort leads to performance, that performance leads to reward, and how much that reward is personally valued. In management practice it implies rewards should be tied closely and visibly to performance, and that training which strengthens an employee's confidence that effort actually improves outcomes raises motivation in its own right. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Core ClaimAn individual chooses how to behave based on the expected result of that behavior: motivational force is a function of expectancy (belief that effort produces performance), instrumentality (belief that performance yields reward) and valence (how much the individual values that reward). 1 Classification
Topic (Functional Area) Connections
Associated With
Equity theory and expectancy theory are the two classic process theories of workplace motivation, taught side by side.
Both are cognitive process theories of motivation frequently taught together in organizational behavior.
Source Wikipedia, Expectancy Theory
Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model draws on expectancy-theory concepts of intrinsic motivation in its motivating potential score.
Source Wikipedia, Job Characteristics Model
Developed By
Source Wikipedia, Victor Vroom
Sources
1. Wikipedia, Expectancy Theory
Wikipedialead section, Model
Motivational Force (MF) = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
Application
organizations should relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that the rewards provided are deserved and wanted by the recipients
Introduction, functional area topic classification
Expectancy theory proposes that an individual will behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over others due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be.
- Associated With: Goal-Setting Theory
View the Source 2. Wikipedia, Victor Vroom
WikipediaWikipedia, Victor Vroom Publications section
On the origins of expectancy theory. Great minds in management: The process of theory development, 239-258.
- Developed By: Victor Vroom
View the Source Wikipedia, Job Characteristics Model
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