The Maua Railway, formally the Imperial Petropolis Steam Navigation and Railway Company, began operating in 1854 as the first railway built in Brazil and the third in South America. Built to a 1,676 millimetre gauge, its roughly 18 kilometre line ran from the port of Maua on Guanabara Bay to the base of the Estrela mountain range near Petropolis in Rio de Janeiro state, carrying coffee and other cargo along with passengers between the coast and the mountainous interior. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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