Business Models

Named commercial approaches a business can be built around: how it sells, prices, produces, structures ownership or reaches customers, from franchising and vertical integration to freemium and subscription access, organized below into ten groups by the kind of decision the model represents. A model belongs here when its subject is the named commercial approach itself, independent of any one company that uses it. Excludes: a specific company that adopts a model, catalogued under Companies and Brands and linked to the model it uses rather than described twice; and the broader management framework a model might be discussed alongside, catalogued under Management Theories, which addresses how an organization is run rather than how it earns revenue or reaches customers.